What Happens to a $500,000 RRSP When You Die With No Surviving Spouse: Ontario 2026 Tax Walkthrough

David Kumar, CFP
12 min read

Key Takeaways

  • 1Understanding what happens to a $500,000 rrsp when you die with no surviving spouse: ontario 2026 tax walkthrough is crucial for financial success
  • 2Professional guidance can save thousands in taxes and fees
  • 3Early planning leads to better outcomes
  • 4GTA residents have unique considerations for
  • 5Taking action now prevents costly mistakes later

Quick Summary

This article covers 5 key points about key takeaways, providing essential insights for informed decision-making.

The Rule: Full RRSP Value Becomes Income on Your Final Return

Under subsection 70(5) of the Income Tax Act, when an RRSP or RRIF holder dies, the fair market value of the account at the date of death is included in the deceased's income on their final tax return. If the deceased has a surviving spouse or common-law partner, the RRSP can roll over to the spouse's own registered account tax-free under subsection 70(6.1). If there is no surviving spouse — the holder is single, widowed, or divorced — there is no rollover. The full amount collapses into income.

For a $500,000 RRSP, this means $500,000 is added to whatever other income the deceased earned in the year of death. If the deceased died in March with $20,000 in employment income, the total income on the final return is $520,000. If the deceased was retired with $15,000 in CPP and OAS, the total is $515,000. Either way, the vast majority of that income is taxed at the highest marginal rates. For a broader overview of how deemed disposition works at death, see our guide to deemed disposition on death in Canada.

The Exact Tax Calculation: 2026 Federal and Ontario Rates

Let's walk through the precise tax on $500,000 of RRSP income using 2026 federal and Ontario brackets. We'll assume the deceased had $20,000 of other income in the year of death, for total income of $520,000.

Federal Tax (2026 Brackets)

Taxable Income RangeRateTax
$0 – $57,37515%$8,606
$57,375 – $114,75020.5%$11,762
$114,750 – $158,46826%$11,367
$158,468 – $220,00029%$17,844
$220,000 – $520,00033%$99,000
Total federal tax (before credits)$148,579

Ontario Provincial Tax (2026 Brackets)

Taxable Income RangeRateTax
$0 – $51,4465.05%$2,598
$51,446 – $102,8949.15%$4,707
$102,894 – $150,00011.16%$5,253
$150,000 – $220,00012.16%$8,512
$220,000 – $520,00013.16%$39,480
Total Ontario tax (before credits and surtax)$60,550

Ontario also applies a surtax: 20% on provincial tax above $4,991 plus 36% on provincial tax above $6,387. On $60,550 of base provincial tax, the surtax adds approximately $30,620. After applying the basic personal amount credits (federal and provincial), the combined tax on the final return is approximately $221,000 to $230,000.

The effective tax rate on the RRSP alone: Approximately 40% to 46% of the $500,000 RRSP is consumed by tax. The exact amount depends on other income in the year of death, available credits, and whether the Ontario surtax thresholds are exceeded. At the top marginal rate of 53.53%, each additional dollar of RRSP above $220,000 is taxed at that rate. The blended effective rate on the full $500,000 is lower because the first portion of income fills lower brackets — but the bulk of the RRSP sits in the highest bracket.

Who Actually Pays: The Estate vs. the Named Beneficiary

This is the question that creates the most confusion — and the most conflict between beneficiaries. The answer depends on how the RRSP beneficiary designation is structured.

Scenario 1: The Estate Is Named as Beneficiary

If the RRSP beneficiary designation says "estate" or "estate of [deceased]", the $500,000 RRSP proceeds flow into the estate. The executor files the final tax return, pays the approximately $221,000 tax from the estate's assets (which now include the RRSP proceeds), and distributes the remaining approximately $279,000 to the beneficiaries named in the will. Everyone shares the tax burden proportionally. The RRSP is also subject to Ontario estate administration tax (probate fees): approximately $7,000 on the $500,000. For more on probate costs, see our Ontario probate fee calculator for 2026.

Scenario 2: A Specific Person Is Named as Beneficiary

If the RRSP beneficiary designation names an adult child — say, "Sarah Chen" — the $500,000 goes directly to Sarah from the financial institution. It bypasses the estate entirely. No probate fees. Sarah receives the full $500,000.

But the tax does not follow the money. The $500,000 income inclusion still lands on the deceased's final return. The estate owes approximately $221,000 in tax, but the RRSP money is no longer in the estate — it went to Sarah. The estate must pay the tax from other assets: the house, the non-registered investments, the bank accounts. This means every other beneficiary of the estate receives less because the RRSP tax reduced the available assets.

CRA's fallback: If the estate cannot pay the tax — because the RRSP was the largest asset and it went directly to a named beneficiary — CRA can pursue the RRSP beneficiary under subsection 160.2(1) of the Income Tax Act. Sarah could be assessed for up to the amount of tax attributable to the RRSP inclusion. This provision exists precisely because the named beneficiary received value that generated a tax liability the estate cannot cover. The practical result: naming a specific person as beneficiary does not eliminate the tax — it shifts who pays it, often in ways the deceased did not anticipate.

Strategy 1: The Spousal Rollover (Not Available Here — But Worth Understanding Why)

The most common way to defer RRSP tax at death is the spousal rollover under subsection 70(6.1). If the deceased has a surviving spouse or common-law partner, the RRSP can transfer to the spouse's own RRSP or RRIF with no immediate tax. The income inclusion is deferred until the spouse eventually withdraws from the account.

In our scenario — no surviving spouse — this rollover is not available. This is the entire reason the tax bill is so large. The spousal rollover is not a "strategy" in the traditional sense; it is the default mechanism that prevents RRSP taxation at death for most Canadians. When it is not available, the full income inclusion cannot be avoided — only reduced through the two strategies below. For a scenario where the spousal rollover does apply in a blended family context, see our guide to blended family estate planning in Ontario.

Strategy 2: RDSP Rollover for a Dependent With a Disability

If the deceased has a financially dependent child or grandchild who qualifies for the Disability Tax Credit (DTC), the RRSP proceeds can be rolled into that person's Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP) tax-free — up to the RDSP's lifetime contribution limit of $200,000.

For a $500,000 RRSP, this means up to $200,000 can be sheltered in the RDSP with no immediate tax, and the remaining $300,000 is included in the deceased's final return. The tax on $300,000 of RRSP income (plus $20,000 of other income) would be approximately $115,000 to $130,000 — roughly half the tax bill compared to the full $500,000 inclusion.

The requirements are strict:

  • The child must have been financially dependent on the deceased at the time of death — generally meaning income below the basic personal amount ($16,129 in 2026) or dependent due to infirmity
  • The child must be an eligible DTC recipient with an approved T2201 form
  • The RDSP must have sufficient contribution room (lifetime maximum $200,000)
  • The rollover must be completed by the end of the year following the year of death

Alternatively, the dependent child can roll the RRSP proceeds into their own RRSP or RRIF — sheltering the entire $500,000 if they have the contribution room. For a dependent child with a disability who has never contributed to an RRSP, the combination of RDSP rollover ($200,000) and RRSP rollover (remaining $300,000) can eliminate the tax entirely.

Strategy 3: Charitable Donation of RRSP Proceeds

In the year of death, charitable donation tax credits can offset up to 100% of net income — compared to the usual 75% limit for living donors. This makes the final return the most tax-efficient time to make a large charitable gift.

There are two ways to direct RRSP proceeds to charity:

  1. Name the charity as RRSP beneficiary. The charity receives the proceeds directly. A donation receipt is issued to the estate, and the executor claims the credit on the final return.
  2. Direct a bequest in the will. The RRSP flows into the estate, and the will directs a specific dollar amount or percentage to a qualified charity. The donation receipt offsets the RRSP income inclusion on the final return.

For a $500,000 RRSP donated entirely to charity, the donation tax credit at the combined federal (33%) and Ontario (11.16%) rates on amounts above $200 would be approximately $220,000 — almost exactly offsetting the $221,000 tax on the RRSP inclusion. The net tax drops to near zero. For more on charitable giving strategies, see our guide to charitable giving tax planning in Canada.

Partial donation example: If the deceased wants to leave $300,000 to their children and donate $200,000 to charity, the donation credit on $200,000 is approximately $88,000 (at the combined top rate). This reduces the total tax from $221,000 to approximately $133,000. The children receive $300,000 from the RRSP, minus the $133,000 tax from the estate, for a net inheritance of approximately $367,000 (the $300,000 RRSP plus other estate assets minus the tax). Without the donation, the estate would owe the full $221,000 tax and the children would receive approximately $279,000 from the RRSP alone.

Refund of Premiums: What It Means for a Dependent Child

The term "refund of premiums" under subsection 60(l) of the Income Tax Act sounds like a refund of contributions. It is not. It is the technical name for RRSP or RRIF proceeds received by a qualifying beneficiary after the holder's death.

For a financially dependent minor child (under 18, no surviving spouse of the deceased), the refund of premiums works like this:

  • The RRSP income is included in the child's income, not the deceased's final return
  • The child can use the proceeds to purchase a term annuity that pays out annually until the child turns 18
  • Each annual annuity payment is taxed as the child's income in the year received — at the child's much lower marginal rate
  • If the child is 10 years old, the $500,000 can be spread over 8 annual payments of approximately $62,500, each taxed at the child's rate (likely under 20% combined) rather than the deceased's 53.53% top rate

The tax savings are substantial. Instead of approximately $221,000 in tax at the deceased's rate, the child might pay approximately $80,000 to $100,000 in total tax over 8 years — a savings of $120,000 or more. The catch: the child must have been financially dependent on the deceased, which CRA interprets as the child's income being below the basic personal amount. A child with their own income above that threshold does not qualify.

The Probate Cost Difference: Estate vs. Named Beneficiary

Ontario charges estate administration tax (probate fees) on the total value of assets that pass through the estate under the will. The rates are:

  • $0 – $50,000: 0.5% ($250 maximum)
  • Above $50,000: 1.5%

If the RRSP names the estate as beneficiary, the $500,000 is included in the probatable estate. On the RRSP alone, that is approximately $7,000 in probate fees. If a specific person is named, the RRSP bypasses probate entirely — saving $7,000.

But the probate savings must be weighed against the control trade-off. When the RRSP bypasses the estate, the executor cannot use those funds to pay the RRSP tax. If the estate's other assets are insufficient, the executor may need to sell property or liquidate investments at unfavorable times to cover the tax bill. In the worst case, the estate becomes insolvent for tax purposes, and CRA pursues the named beneficiary directly. For a comprehensive look at Ontario probate strategies, see our guide to avoiding probate in Ontario.

The practical decision: If the estate has sufficient other assets to pay the RRSP tax (a house, non-registered investments, life insurance payable to the estate), naming a specific person as RRSP beneficiary saves $7,000 in probate fees while keeping the RRSP proceeds outside probate. If the RRSP is the largest or only significant asset, naming the estate as beneficiary ensures the executor has the funds to pay the tax — even though it costs $7,000 in probate. The $7,000 probate cost is trivial compared to the $221,000 tax bill; the real question is whether the estate has liquidity.

Putting It Together: What the Estate Actually Distributes

Assume the deceased dies in 2026 with:

  • $500,000 RRSP (estate named as beneficiary)
  • $200,000 in a non-registered investment account
  • $50,000 in bank accounts
  • No surviving spouse, two adult children as beneficiaries under the will
ItemAmount
Total estate value$750,000
Income tax on final return (RRSP + other income)($225,000)
Ontario probate fees (1.5% above $50K)($10,750)
Legal and executor fees (estimated)($15,000)
Available for distribution to two children$499,250
Each child receives$249,625

Of the original $750,000 estate, the children receive approximately $499,250 — with $250,750 going to taxes, probate, and administration. The RRSP tax alone accounts for $225,000 of that, or 30% of the total estate value. This is why estate planning for RRSP holders without a surviving spouse is not optional — it is the difference between leaving $250,000 per child and leaving $375,000 per child (if charitable or RDSP strategies are used to reduce the tax). For an overview of inheritance planning fundamentals, see our Ontario estate planning checklist for 2026.

Need help planning for RRSP taxation at death? At Life Money, we help Ontario families understand the tax consequences of registered accounts at death and implement strategies — charitable designations, RDSP rollovers, and beneficiary structuring — that preserve more of the estate for beneficiaries. Book a free consultation to review your RRSP beneficiary designations and estate plan.

Key Takeaways

  • 1When an RRSP holder dies without a surviving spouse or dependent beneficiary, the full $500,000 fair market value is included as income on the final tax return — creating approximately $200,000–$230,000 in combined federal and Ontario tax at 2026 rates
  • 2The estate pays the tax, not the beneficiary — but if the RRSP names a person directly, the proceeds bypass the estate while the tax bill stays behind, potentially shortchanging other beneficiaries
  • 3Three strategies reduce the tax: spousal rollover (not available here), RDSP rollover for a financially dependent child with a disability, and charitable donation of RRSP proceeds to offset up to 100% of the income inclusion on the final return
  • 4Naming the estate as RRSP beneficiary costs approximately $7,000 in Ontario probate fees but gives the executor control over the funds to pay the tax bill — naming a person saves probate fees but creates a mismatch between who gets the money and who owes the tax
  • 5A 'refund of premiums' allows a financially dependent minor child to receive RRSP proceeds taxed at their lower rate through a term annuity — but the child must have been financially dependent on the deceased, not just named as beneficiary
  • 6Charitable donation of RRSP proceeds on the final return can offset up to 100% of net income in the year of death, potentially eliminating the entire tax bill on the RRSP inclusion

Quick Summary

This article covers 6 key points about key takeaways, providing essential insights for informed decision-making.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q:Who pays the tax on an RRSP when the holder dies without a spouse in Ontario?

A:The estate pays the tax, not the beneficiary. Under subsection 70(5) of the Income Tax Act, the full fair market value of the RRSP is included in the deceased's income on their final tax return. The executor files this return and pays the resulting tax from estate assets before distributing anything to beneficiaries. If the RRSP names a specific person (such as an adult child) as beneficiary, the RRSP proceeds go directly to that person outside the estate — but the tax bill remains with the estate. This creates a situation where the named beneficiary receives the full $500,000 while the estate bears a $200,000+ tax bill, reducing what other beneficiaries receive. CRA can pursue the RRSP beneficiary for the tax under subsection 160.2(1) if the estate cannot pay, but the primary obligation rests with the estate. This is why coordinating RRSP beneficiary designations with overall estate planning is critical — the person who receives the money and the entity that pays the tax are often different.

Q:What is the difference between naming the estate versus a person as RRSP beneficiary in Ontario?

A:When the estate is named as RRSP beneficiary, the RRSP proceeds flow into the estate and are distributed according to the will. The executor controls the funds, pays the income tax from the RRSP proceeds or other estate assets, and distributes what remains to the beneficiaries named in the will. The downside: RRSP proceeds passing through the estate are subject to Ontario estate administration tax (probate fees) of 1.5% on amounts above $50,000 — approximately $7,425 on a $500,000 RRSP. When a specific person is named as beneficiary, the RRSP proceeds bypass the estate entirely. The named person receives the full $500,000 directly from the financial institution, outside probate and outside the executor's control. The upside is no probate fees. The downside is that the income tax (approximately $200,000–$230,000) is still owed by the estate on the deceased's final return, but the estate no longer has the RRSP proceeds to pay it — the tax must come from other estate assets, potentially reducing what other beneficiaries receive.

Q:Can you roll over an RRSP tax-free to a child when there is no surviving spouse?

A:Only in two specific situations. First, if the beneficiary is a financially dependent child or grandchild under 18 at the time of the RRSP holder's death, the RRSP proceeds can be transferred as a 'refund of premiums' and used to purchase a term annuity payable to the child until they turn 18. The income inclusion shifts from the deceased's final return to the child's income, taxed at the child's lower marginal rate. Second, if the beneficiary is a financially dependent child or grandchild of any age who is dependent due to a physical or mental infirmity, the RRSP proceeds can be rolled into the dependent's own RRSP, RRIF, or Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP) tax-free. The RDSP rollover — available since 2014 — is particularly valuable because the dependent can receive up to $200,000 in RDSP lifetime contributions from the rollover. In all other cases involving adult children who are not financially dependent, there is no rollover — the full RRSP value is included in the deceased's final return and taxed at their marginal rate.

Q:How does donating RRSP proceeds to charity reduce the tax on the final return?

A:When RRSP proceeds are donated to a qualified charity — either through a charitable beneficiary designation on the RRSP itself or through a bequest in the will — the estate receives a donation tax credit on the deceased's final return. In the year of death and the preceding year, charitable donation tax credits can offset up to 100% of net income (compared to the normal 75% limit for living donors). For a $500,000 RRSP where the deceased had $500,000 of income inclusion on the final return, donating the full RRSP proceeds to charity would generate a federal credit of approximately 33% on amounts above $200 (29% federal rate plus 33% on income over $235,675 in 2026) plus the Ontario credit of 11.16% on amounts above $200. The combined credit would approximately offset the entire tax on the RRSP inclusion — reducing the net tax from $200,000–$230,000 to near zero. Partial donations work proportionally: donating $250,000 of the $500,000 would offset roughly half the tax. The key requirement is that the donation must be made in the year of death or directed by the will.

Q:What does 'refund of premiums' mean for a dependent child inheriting an RRSP?

A:A 'refund of premiums' is the technical term under subsection 60(l) of the Income Tax Act for RRSP or RRIF proceeds paid to a qualifying beneficiary after the holder's death. Despite the name, it has nothing to do with refunding actual premiums — it refers to the amount received by a spouse, common-law partner, or financially dependent child or grandchild from the deceased's registered account. For a financially dependent child under 18 with no surviving spouse, the refund of premiums allows the child to include the RRSP income in their own tax return instead of the deceased's final return. The child can then use the proceeds to purchase a term annuity that pays out annually until the child turns 18, spreading the income over multiple tax years at the child's lower marginal rate. For a financially dependent child with a disability (any age), the refund of premiums can be rolled into the child's own RRSP, RRIF, or RDSP with no immediate tax. The financial dependency test requires that the child was dependent on the deceased for support due to income below the basic personal amount (approximately $16,129 in 2026) or due to physical or mental infirmity.

Q:How much does probate cost on a $500,000 RRSP in Ontario if the estate is named as beneficiary?

A:Ontario's estate administration tax (commonly called probate fees) is calculated at 0.5% on the first $50,000 of estate value and 1.5% on everything above $50,000. If the estate is named as the RRSP beneficiary, the $500,000 RRSP proceeds are included in the estate value for probate purposes. The probate fee on just the RRSP portion would be: ($50,000 × 0.5%) + ($450,000 × 1.5%) = $250 + $6,750 = $7,000. However, probate is calculated on the total estate value, not individual assets. If the deceased's total estate (including the RRSP) is $800,000, the total probate fee would be approximately $11,500. If instead a specific beneficiary is named on the RRSP, the $500,000 bypasses the estate entirely — reducing the probatable estate by $500,000 and saving approximately $7,000–$7,500 in probate fees. The trade-off is that the executor loses control over the RRSP proceeds, which go directly to the named beneficiary regardless of the will's instructions, and the estate still owes the income tax on the RRSP inclusion.

Question: Who pays the tax on an RRSP when the holder dies without a spouse in Ontario?

Answer: The estate pays the tax, not the beneficiary. Under subsection 70(5) of the Income Tax Act, the full fair market value of the RRSP is included in the deceased's income on their final tax return. The executor files this return and pays the resulting tax from estate assets before distributing anything to beneficiaries. If the RRSP names a specific person (such as an adult child) as beneficiary, the RRSP proceeds go directly to that person outside the estate — but the tax bill remains with the estate. This creates a situation where the named beneficiary receives the full $500,000 while the estate bears a $200,000+ tax bill, reducing what other beneficiaries receive. CRA can pursue the RRSP beneficiary for the tax under subsection 160.2(1) if the estate cannot pay, but the primary obligation rests with the estate. This is why coordinating RRSP beneficiary designations with overall estate planning is critical — the person who receives the money and the entity that pays the tax are often different.

Question: What is the difference between naming the estate versus a person as RRSP beneficiary in Ontario?

Answer: When the estate is named as RRSP beneficiary, the RRSP proceeds flow into the estate and are distributed according to the will. The executor controls the funds, pays the income tax from the RRSP proceeds or other estate assets, and distributes what remains to the beneficiaries named in the will. The downside: RRSP proceeds passing through the estate are subject to Ontario estate administration tax (probate fees) of 1.5% on amounts above $50,000 — approximately $7,425 on a $500,000 RRSP. When a specific person is named as beneficiary, the RRSP proceeds bypass the estate entirely. The named person receives the full $500,000 directly from the financial institution, outside probate and outside the executor's control. The upside is no probate fees. The downside is that the income tax (approximately $200,000–$230,000) is still owed by the estate on the deceased's final return, but the estate no longer has the RRSP proceeds to pay it — the tax must come from other estate assets, potentially reducing what other beneficiaries receive.

Question: Can you roll over an RRSP tax-free to a child when there is no surviving spouse?

Answer: Only in two specific situations. First, if the beneficiary is a financially dependent child or grandchild under 18 at the time of the RRSP holder's death, the RRSP proceeds can be transferred as a 'refund of premiums' and used to purchase a term annuity payable to the child until they turn 18. The income inclusion shifts from the deceased's final return to the child's income, taxed at the child's lower marginal rate. Second, if the beneficiary is a financially dependent child or grandchild of any age who is dependent due to a physical or mental infirmity, the RRSP proceeds can be rolled into the dependent's own RRSP, RRIF, or Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP) tax-free. The RDSP rollover — available since 2014 — is particularly valuable because the dependent can receive up to $200,000 in RDSP lifetime contributions from the rollover. In all other cases involving adult children who are not financially dependent, there is no rollover — the full RRSP value is included in the deceased's final return and taxed at their marginal rate.

Question: How does donating RRSP proceeds to charity reduce the tax on the final return?

Answer: When RRSP proceeds are donated to a qualified charity — either through a charitable beneficiary designation on the RRSP itself or through a bequest in the will — the estate receives a donation tax credit on the deceased's final return. In the year of death and the preceding year, charitable donation tax credits can offset up to 100% of net income (compared to the normal 75% limit for living donors). For a $500,000 RRSP where the deceased had $500,000 of income inclusion on the final return, donating the full RRSP proceeds to charity would generate a federal credit of approximately 33% on amounts above $200 (29% federal rate plus 33% on income over $235,675 in 2026) plus the Ontario credit of 11.16% on amounts above $200. The combined credit would approximately offset the entire tax on the RRSP inclusion — reducing the net tax from $200,000–$230,000 to near zero. Partial donations work proportionally: donating $250,000 of the $500,000 would offset roughly half the tax. The key requirement is that the donation must be made in the year of death or directed by the will.

Question: What does 'refund of premiums' mean for a dependent child inheriting an RRSP?

Answer: A 'refund of premiums' is the technical term under subsection 60(l) of the Income Tax Act for RRSP or RRIF proceeds paid to a qualifying beneficiary after the holder's death. Despite the name, it has nothing to do with refunding actual premiums — it refers to the amount received by a spouse, common-law partner, or financially dependent child or grandchild from the deceased's registered account. For a financially dependent child under 18 with no surviving spouse, the refund of premiums allows the child to include the RRSP income in their own tax return instead of the deceased's final return. The child can then use the proceeds to purchase a term annuity that pays out annually until the child turns 18, spreading the income over multiple tax years at the child's lower marginal rate. For a financially dependent child with a disability (any age), the refund of premiums can be rolled into the child's own RRSP, RRIF, or RDSP with no immediate tax. The financial dependency test requires that the child was dependent on the deceased for support due to income below the basic personal amount (approximately $16,129 in 2026) or due to physical or mental infirmity.

Question: How much does probate cost on a $500,000 RRSP in Ontario if the estate is named as beneficiary?

Answer: Ontario's estate administration tax (commonly called probate fees) is calculated at 0.5% on the first $50,000 of estate value and 1.5% on everything above $50,000. If the estate is named as the RRSP beneficiary, the $500,000 RRSP proceeds are included in the estate value for probate purposes. The probate fee on just the RRSP portion would be: ($50,000 × 0.5%) + ($450,000 × 1.5%) = $250 + $6,750 = $7,000. However, probate is calculated on the total estate value, not individual assets. If the deceased's total estate (including the RRSP) is $800,000, the total probate fee would be approximately $11,500. If instead a specific beneficiary is named on the RRSP, the $500,000 bypasses the estate entirely — reducing the probatable estate by $500,000 and saving approximately $7,000–$7,500 in probate fees. The trade-off is that the executor loses control over the RRSP proceeds, which go directly to the named beneficiary regardless of the will's instructions, and the estate still owes the income tax on the RRSP inclusion.

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